Slovakia is the second most industrialised country in Europe. 32% of the total employed population works in industry. Only the Czech Republic is ahead of us. On the other hand, labour productivity is among the lowest in Europe. Only Bulgaria is worse off. The relative decline in labour productivity is a trend that we can observe for a longer period of time. This paints a rather bleak outlook not only for the competitiveness of Slovak firms, but also for the people employed by these firms. All the strategic materials mention support for the transformation of industrial production into production based on innovation. If we answer these questions truthfully and accurately, we will also be able to adopt policies and measures to reverse the negative trends.